<p><em>应用基于AI的技术，</em><em>助力</em><em>创建更安全、智能</em><em>和</em><em>乘客友好型的铁路网络</em></p>
<p><span>作者：</span><span>凌华科技网络通讯暨公共建设事业处 – 轨道交通资深业务开发经理 Christian Marez</span></p>
<p><span>铁路是可持续</span><span>交通</span><span>运输系统的</span><span>支柱</span><span>。在全球范围内，</span><span>这种依靠钢轮在钢轨滚动的运输方式历史悠久。铁路交通具有安全、可靠的特点，一直是人员和货物输送的主要方式。</span></p>
<p><span>现下，铁</span><span>路</span><span>运输仍在持</span><span>续</span><span>发展。这</span><span>意味着到2024年，全球铁路客运市场</span><span>规模预计</span><span>将</span><span>达</span><span>2520亿美元，铁路货运</span><span>市场规模预计</span><span>将达1140亿美元。</span><span>铁路运输的</span><span>持续增长</span><span>对环境而言也相当友好</span><span>：城市轨道交通的人均能源效率</span><span>比驾车高出</span><span>7倍</span><span>；</span><span>高铁</span><span>的环境污</span><span>染</span><span>比航空运输少3.4倍</span><span>。因此，随</span><span>着</span><span>全球人口激增和城市化进程持续</span><span>发展</span><span>，铁路</span><span>将成为</span><span>日益重要的交通</span><span>方式</span><span>。</span></p>
<p><strong>适应未来需求</strong></p>
<p><span>但是，若</span><span>要</span><span>保持领先地</span><span>位</span><span>提高自身竞争力，</span><span>铁路</span><span>运输也</span><span>面临一些挑战。从历史上看，全球铁路行业本质上一直相对保守，</span><span>其发展</span><span>依靠的是久经考验</span><span>且值得信赖的</span><span>技术。</span><span>与此相反，乘客却越来越追求各种新兴技术。</span><span>自从智能手机面世，</span><span>他们期望获得更优质</span><span>的</span><span>客户</span><span>体验</span><span>，享受高速的车载</span><span>WiFi、更便捷的电子票务</span><span>系统</span><span>和实时旅程</span><span>动态等</span><span>服务。</span></p>
<p><span><span>此外，铁路还面临一场持久战：以更精简的方式来管理老化且密集的基础设施。同时，他们也</span></span><span><span>迫切需要提高运营效率，特别是</span></span><span><span>落实更具预</span></span><span><span>测性</span></span><span><span>的</span></span><span><span>维护</span></span><span><span>措施以预警</span></span><span><span>潜在问题。</span></span><span><span>这些措施至关重要，它们</span></span><span><span>能够助力</span></span><span><span>提升铁路</span></span><span><span>运营利</span></span><span><span>润并</span></span><span><span>提供</span></span><span><span>再</span></span><span><span>投资的机会。</span></span></p>
<p><span><span>新冠</span></span><span><span>疫情</span></span><span><span>为铁路运输发展的复杂局势新增另一</span></span><span><span>挑战。</span></span><span><span>虽然</span></span><span><span>随着全国</span></span><span><span>封锁状态结</span></span><span><span>束，旅客人数有望</span></span><span><span>回升</span></span><span><span>，</span></span><span><span>但是</span></span><span><span>卫生</span></span><span><span>防护和社交距离等因素仍然制约着铁路运输。此前，</span></span><span><span>轨道和</span></span><span><span>车厢的安</span></span><span><span>全性一直是铁路</span></span><span><span>系统</span></span><span><span>的重要考虑因素，现</span></span><span><span>下该情况变得更为复杂 。</span></span></p>
<p><strong>技术脱颖而出</strong></p>
<p><span>因此，如果铁路</span><span>运输</span><span>要维持长期</span><span>的领先</span><span>地位，显然不可</span><span>止步于此</span><span>。为应对</span><span>众多</span><span>新兴挑战，铁路行业</span><span>正在</span><span>向数字化</span><span>转型</span><span>，以提供更智能的解决方案来满足客户需求。</span><span>如</span><span>物联网、5G</span><span><span>多接入边缘计算</span></span><span>（5G MEC）、人工智能（AI）、大数据、云计算和区块链等多种技术趋势正以一种日益创新的方式</span><span>交</span><span>融在一起，推动着铁路网络</span><span>各个环节的革新</span><span>。</span></p>
<p><span><span>AI对于</span></span><span><span>铁路运输的</span></span><span><span>数字化转型进程至关重要。</span></span><span><span>现下智</span></span><span><span>能传感器</span></span><span><span>的应用</span></span><span><span>和无处不在的</span></span><span><span>网络</span></span><span><span>连接意味着铁路系统正在</span></span><span><span>产生</span></span><span><span>前所未有的</span></span><span><span>庞大</span></span><span><span>数据，</span></span><span><span>与此同时，运</span></span><span><span>营商</span></span><span><span>则需要应对随之而来数</span></span><span><span>据</span></span><span><span>洪流</span></span><span><span>。AI</span></span><span><span>技术将在</span></span><span><span>解锁信息</span></span><span><span>方面发挥愈发重要的角色</span></span><span><span>，为</span></span><span><span>运营商的</span></span><span><span>决策提供</span></span><span><span>具有</span></span><span><span>可行</span></span><span><span>性</span></span><span><span>的</span></span><span><span>洞见</span></span><span><span>，甚至</span></span><span><span>能够自动生成适时的响应。</span></span></p>
<p><span>因此</span><span>只有通过AI</span><span>技术，铁路运营商</span><span>才能</span><span>发挥</span><span>数据、分析和云的真正力量，</span><span>从而</span><span>提升乘客体验</span><span>、</span><span>完善铁路运营</span><span>、资产</span><span>维护</span><span>及</span><span>安全性</span><span>，并</span><span>最终</span><span>提高</span><span>客户满意度</span><span>、增加利润，以及降低</span><span>成本。</span></p>
<p><strong>数字化进行时</strong></p>
<p><span>从乘客和</span><span>驾驶员的</span><span>角度来看，</span><span>铁路运输的数字化</span><span>意味着什么？</span><span><span>在</span></span><span><span>乘客进入车站</span></span><span><span>时</span></span><span><span>，传感器系统</span></span><span><span>就会进行自动人脸口罩检测</span></span><span><span>和</span></span><span><span>体温</span></span><span><span>监控</span></span><span><span>。若检测到乘客违规不带口罩，或者乘客健康状况不良，车站管理员会收到相应的提醒。</span></span><span><span>。</span></span></p>
<p><span>同时，</span><span>乘客</span><span>可以</span><span>通过</span><span>非接触式洗手液进一步</span><span>加强健康防护。在检票进站的过程中，</span><span>非接触式</span><span>票务、自助</span><span>行李</span><span>托运和</span><span>智能手机缴费</span><span>都有助于减少人员接触</span><span>。</span></p>
<p><span>数字化</span><span>转型还将为列车运行</span><span>带来变革。传感器和视觉系统能够</span><span>实现</span><span>诸如人数统计等</span><span>功能</span><span>，从而</span><span>提供</span><span>更多动态</span><span>标识，实时</span><span>反映乘客流量。同样，</span><span>乘客</span><span>信息系统</span><span>将更快</span><span>响应</span><span>并实时更新</span><span>，可</span><span>让乘</span><span>客</span><span>在上</span><span>车</span><span>前就</span><span>能够了解车厢</span><span>内的空间情况</span><span>。</span><span>此外，火车站和火车上更高质量</span><span>的WiFi和5G</span><span>网络</span><span>将</span><span>为乘客</span><span>提供低延迟连接，</span><span>实现更流畅的</span><span>办公</span><span>及娱乐体验。</span></p>
<p><span>数字化转型也将在很大程度上提高列车驾驶员的工作效率</span><span>。</span><span>比如，</span><span>传感器可用于</span><span>监测如列车车门、受</span><span>电弓</span><span>和轮对等</span><span>高风险资产</span><span>的</span><span>异常</span><span>情况，从而</span><span>避免</span><span>设备故</span><span>障或失效</span><span>的情况发生</span><span>。此外，在</span><span>列车运行</span><span>时，</span><span>车厢</span><span>地板下方的传感器</span><span>可用来监测铁路</span><span>轨道。借助这些</span><span>设备</span><span>运行数据，</span><span>驾驶员</span><span>能够</span><span>更好地对列车状态</span><span>进行监控，</span><span>从而</span><span>减少意外故障的发生。同时，障碍和入侵检测系统可用于</span><span>识别</span><span>铁轨</span><span>两侧或横跨铁轨的</span><span>杂物、动物、人</span><span>员</span><span>或车辆，</span><span>预警驾驶员</span><span>或立即</span><span>启动</span><span>自动响应</span><span>程序</span><span>。</span></p>
<p><span>列车自动防护</span><span>是数字化</span><span>转型带来的另一重大惊喜。</span><span>当</span><span>下，</span><span>铁</span><span>路</span><span>轨</span><span>道</span><span>被</span><span>划分成</span><span>不同的“区块”，</span><span>工作人员可通过</span><span>地面设备</span><span>监测</span><span>火车何时</span><span>抵达</span><span>。如果</span><span>列车可安全驶入某</span><span>一区块，</span><span>地面设备将会</span><span>发出信号</span><span>通知即将抵达的列车，但是该监测</span><span>系统</span><span>无法获取</span><span>火车的确切位置，</span><span>从而可能影响列车准点率</span><span>。</span></p>
<p><span>然而，</span><span>AI</span><span>技术可</span><span>助力实现更加自动化的</span><span>列车</span><span>运行</span><span>——比如</span><span>根据轨道容量、天气状况和</span><span>运营时刻表</span><span>等因素，信号和速度控制系统能够计算</span><span>列车的最优</span><span>速度和运行轨迹。</span><span>此外，基于A</span><span>I</span><span>的</span><span>视频分析</span><span>可以定位列</span><span>车</span><span>的</span><span>确切位置，并将</span><span>结果</span><span>传</span><span>送给列</span><span>车控制系统以及网络中的其他</span><span>列</span><span>车。这些先进的定位系统让</span><span>列车与列车</span><span>能够</span><span>更近距离地</span><span>行驶，从而提高运力</span><span>并降低运输</span><span>瓶颈。</span></p>
<p><span>最后，视频</span><span>安保系统可全面监控铁路</span><span>网络。</span><span>边缘处基于</span><span>AI</span><span>的</span><span>视频分析可助力将传统</span><span>的</span><span>CCTV系统转变为智能实时监控系统，以</span><span>监测列</span><span>车或车站内的可疑</span><span>事件</span><span>，</span><span>蓄意破</span><span>坏</span><span>列车的</span><span>行为或试图逃票的乘客。这些新增功能使工作人员无需</span><span>实时监</span><span>视安保视频，从而腾出时间来执行其他任务。</span></p>
<p><strong>合作伙伴的力量</strong></p>
<p><span>毫无疑问，数字化和AI应用在铁路领域具有巨大的潜力。但是，</span><span>当</span><span>运营商将</span><span>其</span><span>推向市场时，</span><span>还</span><span>要</span><span>同时考虑</span><span>成本和</span><span>效果</span><span>。这就</span><span>要求该技术可使</span><span>网络、连接、数据处理和AI无缝协同工作，且</span><span>适应极端温</span><span>度和</span><span>振</span><span>动</span><span>条件下的</span><span>严苛</span><span>户外</span><span>环境。</span></p>
<p><span>对于铁路系统集成商和运营商</span><span>来说</span><span>，</span><span>解决办法</span><span>就是与</span><span>熟悉铁路系统特性的</span><span>可</span><span>靠</span><span>技术提供商合作</span><span>，因为铁路</span><span>设备</span><span>有时</span><span>需要进行定制和加固，并经过认证以符合全球</span><span>规范</span><span>和安全</span><span>标准</span><span>。</span><span>同时，</span><span>系统供应商必须能够提供寿命更长的解决方案和</span><span>技术</span><span>支持，</span><span>并通过</span><span>基于软件的产品设计服务</span><span>提供</span><span>附加价值，从而</span><span>助力缩短</span><span>产品上市时间。</span></p>
<p><span>如凌华科技与英特尔</span><span>的</span><span>合作伙伴关系</span><span>就证明战略伙伴关系有能力</span><span>实现这一目标。双方的合作促成了一系列铁路</span><span>即用</span><span>型产品，</span><span>助力</span><span>铁路</span><span>公司</span><span>实现数字化运营，并开发能够释放数据力量的边缘AI应用。</span></p>
<p><span><span>铁路</span></span><span><span>公司</span></span><span><span>可通过四</span></span><span><span>个步骤</span></span><span><span>来开启</span></span><span><span>数字化</span></span><span><span>旅程：评估并定义未来</span></span><span><span>方向</span></span><span><span>，制定计划，从小处着手并快速展开行动，分享经验并进行迭代。</span></span><span><span>据此</span></span><span><span>，</span></span><span><span>铁路机构</span></span><span><span>就能够借助伙伴关系的力量，快速高效地</span></span><span><span>开展</span></span><span><span>数字化</span></span><span><span>转型，</span></span><span><span>并</span></span><span><span>造福所有人</span></span><span><span>。</span></span></p>
<p><span>【</span><strong>关于凌华科技</strong><span>】</span></p>
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