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【原创】瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别

由 winniewei 提交于

<p><em>作者：张国斌</em></p>
<p><span lang="ZH">在移动互联应用走向深入、数字经济加速腾飞以及政府公共安安全提升的多种因素驱动下，一个新的大蓝海市场</span><span lang="EN-US">----</span><span lang="ZH">室内定位市场就要爆发了！仅仅以在线外卖用户来看，中国</span><span>在线外</span><span lang="ZH">用户</span><span lang="EN-US">2018 </span><span>年达</span><span lang="EN-US"> 3.58 </span><span>亿人，</span><span lang="EN-US">2019 </span><span>年突破</span><span lang="EN-US"> 4 </span><span>亿人次，规模突破</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2800 </span><span>亿元</span><span lang="ZH">，另外，</span><span>传统的餐饮、商超、休闲娱乐行业也纷纷开启</span><span lang="EN-US"> O2O </span><span>模式，依托城市商业中心和公众号、小程序等服务平台提供自己的产品</span><span lang="ZH">，而在企业应用方面，智</span><span>慧工业</span><span lang="ZH">、</span><span>智慧城市催生了大量行业</span><span lang="ZH">深室内定位</span><span>应用。</span><span lang="ZH">如</span><span>工厂、医院、养老院、监狱</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span>看守所</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span>戒毒所、施工现场等都大规模引入室内定位</span><span lang="ZH">，</span><span>商业中心对室内定位要求</span><span lang="ZH">也在</span><span>逐渐升高，</span><span lang="ZH">这些都推动高精度室内定位技术走向实际应用。</span></p>

<p><span>根据</span><span lang="EN-US">KBV</span><span>研究公司发布的新报告《亚太室内定位市场》，在预测期内（</span><span lang="EN-US">2017-2023</span><span>年）</span><span lang="ZH">内，该报告预测</span><span>亚太室内定位市场规模将实现</span><span lang="EN-US">44.7%</span><span>的年均增长率。按技术类型划分，基于传感器和标签的市场在亚太地区室内定位市场中占有最大的市场份额，并将在</span><span lang="EN-US">2023</span><span>年之前继续占据主导地位。基于射频的市场预计将在（</span><span lang="EN-US">2017 - 2023</span><span>年）期间见证</span><span lang="EN-US">43.1%</span><span>的复合年增长率。预计到</span><span lang="EN-US">2023</span><span>年，全球室内定位市场规模将达到</span><span lang="EN-US">580</span><span>亿美元，在预测期内以</span><span lang="EN-US">42%</span><span>的年均增长率上升。</span></p>

<p><span>目前，</span><span lang="ZH">常用的</span><span>室内定位</span><span lang="ZH">主要是</span><span>邻近探测法、质心法、极点法、多边定位法、指纹法和航位推算法</span><span lang="ZH">，</span><span>各种原理各有优劣，在不同应用场景、不同预算要求下，也可将不同的原理组合使用。目前主流技术主要有以下几种：</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span>、蓝牙、</span><span lang="EN-US">WiFi</span><span>、</span><span lang="EN-US">RFID</span><span>、超声波室内定位等。</span><span lang="ZH">这是几种技术的对比。</span></p>

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<p><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="01b44e7e-9cf2-4039-8433-6ca9b69f47c8" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208281-1.jpg&…; /></p>

<p><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b8f5f688-b029-4023-9c4b-0c69d38ad863" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208282-2.jpg&…; /></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">从上表看出，</span><span>超宽带（</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span>）室内定位技术</span><span lang="ZH">相比有突出的优势，因而被认为是未来室内定位主流技术，</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span>定位的基本原理是飞行时间测算</span><span lang="EN-US">ToF(Time of Flight)</span><span>。为了实现始终同步</span><span lang="EN-US">,ToF</span><span>测距方法采用了时钟偏移量解决时钟同步问题。其通过平均正向和反向多次测量的平均值</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span>减少了对任何时钟偏移量的影响</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span>从而减少测距误差</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span>定位精度正常情况下可以达到</span><span lang="EN-US">10cm,</span><span>同时其可探测移动的角度误差控制在</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span>度以内。</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">现在，万事俱备，只欠</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">模块！一个好消息是精度达厘米级的村田</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">室内定位模块已经量产上市！</span></p>

<p><strong><span lang="ZH">村田</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">模块介绍</span></strong></p>

<p><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="665bf0d6-4453-4777-a6d4-3779ca18c772" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208283-3.jpg&…; /></p>

<p><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="图片_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75"
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="ZH">据介绍，村田的</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">定位模组是</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">与蓝牙的</span><span lang="EN-US">combo</span><span lang="ZH">模组，模组的射频基带芯片是</span><span lang="EN-US">Qorvo</span><span lang="ZH">的</span><span lang="EN-US">IEEE802.15.4z-2020 UWB</span><span lang="ZH">芯片</span><span lang="EN-US">DWM3000</span><span lang="ZH">，它具有充分的灵活性，可以支持广泛的</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">应用。与上一代模块相比，</span><span lang="EN-US">DWM3000</span><span lang="ZH">在功耗上有很大的改进，并增加了对</span><span lang="EN-US">CH9</span><span lang="ZH">的支持。村田模组还集成了一个</span><span lang="EN-US">Nordic </span><span lang="ZH">的低功耗蓝牙系统级芯片</span><span lang="EN-US">(SoC) nRF52840</span><span lang="ZH">，它基于</span><span lang="EN-US">ARM cortex-M4 </span><span lang="ZH">内核。它还集成了一个</span><span lang="EN-US">ST</span><span lang="ZH">的三轴运动方向检测传感器。支持的频带是</span><span lang="EN-US">Band5(6240-6739.2)</span><span lang="ZH">和</span><span lang="EN-US">Band9(7121.9-8852.5)</span><span lang="ZH">，它支持接口有</span><span lang="EN-US">UART/SPI/I2C/SWD/USB/GPIO</span><span lang="ZH">等，模组大小是</span><span lang="EN-US">10.2 x 8.3 x 1.5mm max, </span><span lang="ZH">是</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span lang="ZH">层</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span lang="ZH">板，工作温度是</span><span lang="EN-US">-30</span><span lang="ZH">度到</span><span lang="EN-US">85</span><span lang="ZH">度，工作电压是</span><span lang="EN-US">2.5~3.6V</span><span lang="ZH">。</span></p>

<p><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="1d3aa4a9-cbb4-4139-819c-7794ef9bc19a" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208284-4.jpg&…; /></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">据村田介绍，该模组的特点是：</span></p>

<ol>
<li><span lang="ZH">定位精度可达</span><span lang="EN-US">10 cm</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">可同时用于定位和无线数据传输</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">可靠性高，抗干扰、抗衰减能力强</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">可用于加密的通讯和测量</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">支持定位系统中高密度的信标部署</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">为满足纽扣电池供电，软硬件都进行了低功耗优化</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">内置蓝牙可用于和手机、平板等设备的通讯</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">同样的模组可以用来制造信标、接收节点和网关；</span></li>
</ol>

<p><span lang="ZH">村田表示，</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">室内定位模组六大优势：</span></p>

<ol>
<li><span lang="ZH">易于部署，使用</span><span lang="EN-US">POE</span><span lang="ZH">供电；</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">功耗低，纽扣电池也可以工作几年；</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">精度高，小于</span><span lang="EN-US">30cm</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">提供</span><span lang="EN-US">API</span><span lang="ZH">方便定位数据输出；</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">适合私密环境部署；</span></li>
</ol>

<p><span lang="ZH">除了室内定位还可以应用到校车管理、停车场管理、工厂</span><span lang="EN-US">AGV</span><span lang="ZH">，仓储管理、园区管理、博物馆语音导游等领域。</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">村田提供</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">模组、</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB tag</span><span lang="ZH">和</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB </span><span lang="ZH">锚点三个产品</span></p>

<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7e9d5d1b-7a50-433d-bb9c-4bb8935ec625" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208285-5.jpg&…; /><br />
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<p><span lang="ZH">整个系统部署非常简单，如下图所示，整体系统由定位锚点（</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB anchor</span><span lang="ZH">）</span><span lang="EN-US">,UWB tag</span><span lang="ZH">和</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB PC</span><span lang="ZH">主机模组构成，</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB tag</span><span lang="ZH">间距</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span lang="ZH">米左右。</span></p>

<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="61fbce95-1ed8-4e15-92dc-52ccc27f091c" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208286-6.jpg&…; /><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">为了验证定位精度，村田还进行了几个测试。</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">试验</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span lang="ZH">是客户</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span lang="ZH">静止试验</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">在特定的位置上暂时设置标签，然后在我们的位置结果中比较它们的位置。</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">系统与地实。</span></p>

<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="89632ed6-b49d-4027-ae8c-bdb2edae63ac" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208287-7.jpg&…; /><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">测试</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span lang="ZH">是客户</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span lang="ZH">运动测试</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">测试者用不同的手拿着</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span lang="ZH">个不同的标签，绕着中心走一圈。</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">实验室的区域。位置结果显示在屏幕上，并在同一时间记录。</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">的时间。然后利用数据日志进行对比。</span></p>

<p><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b306a35f-207d-4747-ba47-77087d0a74d8" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208288-8.jpg&…; /></p>

<p><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="图片_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75"
alt="截屏2021-04-02 下午10.55.00" style='width:415.2pt;height:288.6pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/winnie/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png"
o:title="截屏2021-04-02 下午10.55"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="ZH">从测试结果看，客户</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span lang="ZH">静止测试</span></p>

<ol>
<li><span lang="ZH">平均误差距离</span><span lang="EN-US">&lt;6cm</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">误差距离≤</span><span lang="EN-US">15cm</span><span lang="ZH">时，</span><span lang="EN-US">100%</span><span lang="ZH">结果</span></li>
</ol>

<p><span lang="ZH">对于边界附近的标签。</span></p>

<ol>
<li><span lang="ZH">平均误差距离</span><span lang="EN-US">&lt;10cm</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US">99%</span><span lang="ZH">的结果，误差距离≤</span><span lang="EN-US">20cm</span></li>
</ol>

<p><span lang="ZH">客户</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span lang="ZH">运动测试结果</span></p>

<ol>
<li><span lang="ZH">平均误差距离≤</span><span lang="EN-US">15cm</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US">70~80%</span><span lang="ZH">的结果，误差距离≤</span><span lang="EN-US">20cm</span><span lang="ZH">。</span></li>
<li><span lang="ZH">误差距离≤</span><span lang="EN-US">30cm</span><span lang="ZH">时，</span><span lang="EN-US">90%</span><span lang="ZH">的结果</span></li>
</ol>

<p><span lang="ZH">客户</span><span lang="EN-US">B</span><span lang="ZH">测试场地不是规则的，这个测试用了</span><span lang="EN-US">12</span><span lang="ZH">个</span><span lang="EN-US">tag</span><span lang="ZH">和</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span lang="ZH">个测试锚点，结果如下：</span></p>

<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0f38537b-d8d0-43e5-8535-45d733966af8" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208289-9.jpg&…; /><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">室内定位市场是个蓝海市场，目前已经有多家公司涉足其中，包括</span><span lang="EN-US">Apple</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Google</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">HERE</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Micello</span><span>，三星，</span><span lang="EN-US">Broadcom</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">CSR</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Microsoft</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Cisco Systems</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Qualcomm</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Navizon</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Beaconinside</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Bluepath</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">GiPStech</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">MazeMap</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Nextome</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Pinmicro</span><span>，</span><span lang="EN-US">Pointer</span><span lang="ZH">等，村田的</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">模组可以帮助本土厂商迅速部署。</span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">在慕尼黑上海电子展上，村田现场展示了</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">定位模组，这是现场演示图</span></p>

<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="瞄准室内定位大市场！村田UWB模块精度达厘米级别" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f59d4866-f606-4f08-b2de-86e9992a1367" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208290-10.jpg…; /><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></p>

<p><span lang="ZH">在现场，村田赛芯电子高级工程总监王爱峰亲自介绍了村田的</span><span lang="EN-US">UWB</span><span lang="ZH">定位模组以及实际定位演示，大家在微信短视频号“张国斌的芯时空”上可以观看这个演示。</span></p>

<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="张国斌的芯时空" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="3ff4a553-a5c5-4dc8-954a-dce2c0c23b49" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113359-208291-11.jpg…; /><br />
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<p><strong>注：本文为原创文章，未经作者授权严禁转载或部分摘录切割使用，否则我们将保留侵权追诉的权利！</strong><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><!--[endif]--></span></p>