智能功率模块助力业界加速迈向基于碳化硅（SiC）的电动汽车

由 winniewei 提交于周三, 4 十一月 2020 - 10:30

当前，新型快速开关的碳化硅（SiC）功率晶体管主要以分立器件或裸芯片的形式被广泛供应，SiC器件的一系列特性，如高阻断电压、低导通电阻、高开关速度和耐高温性能，使系统工程师能够在电机驱动控制器和电池充电器的尺寸、重量控制和效率提升等方面取得显著进展，同时推动SiC器件的价格持续下降。然而，在大功率应用中采用SiC还存在一些重要的制约因素，包括经过良好优化的功率模块的可获得性，还有设计高可靠门级驱动的学习曲线。智能功率模块（IPM）通过提供高度集成、即插即用的解决方案，可以加速产品上市并节省工程资源，从而能够有效地应对上述两项挑战。

作者：Pierre Delatte ，CISSOID首席技术官

本文讨论了在电动汽车应用的功率转换器设计中选择CISSOID三相全桥1200V SiC MOSFET智能功率模块（IPM）体系所带来的益处，尤其表现在该体系是一个可扩展的平台系列。该体系利用了低内耗技术，提供了一种已整合的解决方案，即IPM；IPM由门极驱动电路和三相全桥水冷式碳化硅功率模块组成，两者的配合已经过优化和协调。本文不仅介绍了IPM的电气和散热特性，还讨论了IPM如何实现SiC器件优势的充分利用，及其中最为关键的因素，即使门极驱动器设计及SiC 功率电路驱动安全、可靠地实现。

图1 CXT-PLA3SA12450AA三相全桥1200V/450A SiC智能功率模块IPM

凭借低内耗和增强的热稳定性实现更高的功率密度

CXT-PLA3SA12450AA是CISSOID三相全桥1200V SiC智能功率模块（IPM）体系中的一员，该体系包括了额定电流300A到600A的多个产品。这款三相全桥IPM具有较低导通损耗（Ron仅为3.25mΩ）、较低开关损耗，在600V/300A时开启和关断能量分别为7.8mJ和8mJ（见表1）。相比最先进的IGBT功率模块，同等工况下的开关损耗降低了至少三分之二。CXT-PLA3SA12450AA通过一个轻量化的铝碳化硅（AlSiC）针翅底板进行水冷，结到流体的热阻（Rjl）为0.15°C/W。CXT-PLA3SA12450AA的额定结温高达175°C，门栅极驱动电路可以在高达125°C的环境中运行。该IPM能够承受高达3600V的隔离电压（已经过50Hz、1分钟的耐压测试）。

表1  CXT-PLA3SA12450AA三相1200V/450A SiC MOSFET智能功率模块的主要特性

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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
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</td>
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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<o:p> </o:p>
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<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
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<o:p> </o:p>
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<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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1200V<o:p></o:p>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2;height:22.7pt">
<td rowspan="2" style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
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<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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VGS =15V<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
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<o:p> </o:p>
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<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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450A<o:p></o:p>
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<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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VGS =15V<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
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</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
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<o:p> </o:p>
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<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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330A<o:p></o:p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
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</td>
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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VGS =15V<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
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<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
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3.25mOhms<o:p></o:p>
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<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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4mOhms<o:p></o:p>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5;height:22.7pt">
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
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5.25mOhms<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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height:22.7pt" width="104">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;height:22.7pt">
<td style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="208">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
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</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
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mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="207">
VDS=600V<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;
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IDS = 300A<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
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</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
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padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="113">
7.8mJ<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
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mso-border-right-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:22.7pt" width="104">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7;height:22.7pt">
<td style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="208">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">开关损耗（关断）Eoff<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="113">
8mJ<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:22.7pt" width="104">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:8;height:22.7pt">
<td style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="208">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">隔离电压Viso<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="207">
50HZ<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB">、1<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB">分钟的交流耐压测试，底板到电源引脚之间<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="113">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:22.7pt" width="104">
3600<a name="OLE_LINK12"></a><a name="OLE_LINK11">VAC</a><o:p></o:p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:9;height:22.7pt">
<td style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="208">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">热阻（结-<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">流体）Rjl<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="207">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">每个开关位置都测试，流量：10L/min<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">；50%<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">乙二醇，50%<span style="font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">水，流入端温度75°C<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="113">
0.15°C/W<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:22.7pt" width="104">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:10;height:22.7pt">
<td style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="208">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">热阻（结-<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">外壳）Rjc<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="207">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">每个开关位置都测试<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="113">
0.13°C/W<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:22.7pt" width="104">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:11;height:22.7pt">
<td style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="208">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB">工作结温Tj<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="207">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="113">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:22.7pt" width="104">
175°C<o:p></o:p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:12;height:22.7pt">
<td style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="208">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">底板尺寸<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="207">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt" width="113">
104mm（宽）<o:p></o:p>

154mm<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">（长）<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:22.7pt" width="104">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow:13;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:31.95pt">
<td style="width:156.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-top-alt:.75pt;mso-border-left-alt:1.5pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:1.5pt;mso-border-right-alt:.75pt;mso-border-color-alt:
black;mso-border-style-alt:solid;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:31.95pt" width="208">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">重量<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:155.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:31.95pt" width="207">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:
solid black 1.5pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:31.95pt" width="113">
580g<o:p></o:p>
</td>
<td style="width:78.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;mso-border-top-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
height:31.95pt" width="104">
<o:p> </o:p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

三维模型和可信赖的散热特性使快速地实现功率转换器设计成为可能

CXT-PLA3SA12450AA的一大优势，即门级驱动和功率部分（含有AlSiC针翅水冷底板）高度集成。该特点使得IPM与电驱总成的其他部分，如直流电容、冷却系统可以快速结合，如图2所示。CISSOID提供了各个部件的精确的3D参考设计，客户的系统设计人员由此作为起点，可在极短的时间内实现目标系统设计。

IPM充分利用了SiC功率器件的低导通和低开关损耗特性，并与门级驱动进行了系统级的协调以获得整体性能的最佳优化，在提供最优性能的同时，也有效地降低了散热系统的空间占用，并提高了功率转换器的效率。

图2  CXT-PLA3SA12450AA与DC电容和水冷的集成

在Rjl（结到流体热阻）为 0.15°C/W，流速为10L/min（50％乙二醇，50％水），入口水温75°C的条件下，可以计算出最大连续漏极电流允许值与外壳温度之间的关系（基于最高结温时的导通电阻和最大工作结温来计算），如图3所示。

图3  CXT-PLA3SA12450AA最大连续漏极电流允许值与外壳温度之间的关系

最大连续漏极电流（允许值）有助于理解和比较功率模块的额定电流；品质因数（Figure of Merit ，FoM）则揭示了相电流均值与开关频率的关系，如图4所示。该曲线是针对总线电压600V、外壳温度90°C、结温175°C和占空比为50％的情况计算的。FoM 曲线对于了解模块的适用性更为有用。由于CXT-PLA3SA12450AA的可扩展性，图4还推断出了1200V/600A 模块的安全工作范围（虚线所示）。

图4  CXT-PLA3SA12450AA的相电流（Arms）与开关频率的关系

（测试条件：VDC= 600V，Tc = 90°C，Tj <175°C，D = 50％），以及对未来的1200V/600A 模块（CXT-PLA3SA12600AA，正在开发中）进行推断

此外，门极驱动器还包括了直流侧电压监测功能，采用了更为紧凑的变压器模块；最后，CXT-PLA3SA12450AA的安全规范符合2级污染度要求的爬电距离。

鲁棒的SiC门极驱动器使实现快速开关和低损耗成为可能

CXT-PLA3SA12450AA的三相全桥门极驱动器设计，充分利用了CISSOID在单相SiC门极驱动器上所积累的经验，例如，CISSOID分别针对62mm 1200V/300A 和快速开关 XM3 1200V/450A SiC功率模块设计的CMT-TIT8243 [1，2]和CMT-TIT0697 [3]单相栅极驱动器（见图5）。

和CMT-TIT8243、CMT-TIT0697一样，CXT-PLA3SA12450AA的最高工作环境温度也为 125°C，所有元件均经过了精心选择和尺寸确认，以保证在此额定温度下运行。该IPM还凭借 CISSOID的高温门极驱动器芯片组[4，5]以及低寄生电容（典型值为10pF）的电源变压器设计，使得高 dv/dt 和高温度环境下的共模电流降到最低点。

图5  用于快速开关XM3 1200V/450A SiC MOSFET功率模块的CMT-TIT0697门极驱动器板

CXT-PLA3SA12450AA 栅极驱动器仍有余量来支持功率模块的可扩展性。该模块的总门极电荷为 910nC。当开关频率为 25KHz 时，平均门极电流为 22.75mA。这远远低于板载隔离DC-DC 电源的最大电流能力95mA。因此，无需修改门极驱动器板，就可以提高功率模块的电流能力和门极充电。使用多个并联的门极电阻，实际的最大 dv/dt 值可达10~20 KV/µs 。门极驱动电路的设计可以抵抗高达 50KV/µs 的 dv/dt，从而在 dv/dt可靠性方面提供了足够的余量。

门极驱动器的保护功能提高了系统的功能安全性

门极驱动器的保护功能对于确保功率模块安全运行至关重要，当驱动快速开关的SiC功率部件时更是如此。CXT-PLA3SA12450AA门极驱动电路可以提供如下保护功能：

欠压锁定（UVLO）：CXT-PLA3SA12450AA门极驱动器会同时监测初级和次级电压，并在低于编程电压时报告故障。

防重叠：避免同时导通上臂和下臂，以防止半桥短路。

防止次级短路：隔离型DC-DC 电源逐个周期的电流限制功能，可以防止门极驱动器发生任何短路（例如栅极 - 源极短路）。

毛刺滤波器：抑制输入PWM信号的毛刺，这些毛刺很可能是由共模电流引起的。

有源米勒钳位（AMC）：在关断后建立起负的门极电阻旁路，以保护功率MOSFET不受寄生导通的影响。

去饱和检测：导通时，在消隐时间之后检查功率通道的漏源电压是否高于阈值。

软关断：在出现故障的情况下，可以缓慢关闭功率通道，以最大程度地降低因高 di/dt引起的过冲。

结论

CISSOID的SiC智能功率模块体系，为系统设计人员提供了一种优化的解决方案，可以极大地加速他们的设计工作。驱动和水冷模块的集成从一开始就提供了可信赖的电气和热特性，从而缩短了有效使用全新技术通常所需要的漫长学习曲线。CISSOID全新的、可扩展的IPM体系，将为电动汽车应用中SiC技术的探索者提供强大的技术支持。

参考文献

[1] CMT-TIT8243: 1200V High Temperature (125°C) Half-Bridge SiC MOSFET Gate Driver Datasheet. <a href="http://www.cissoid.com/files/files/products/titan/CMT-TIT8243.pdf"><spa…;

[2] P. Delatte. A High Temperature Gate Driver for Half Bridge SiC MOSFET 62mm Power Modules. Bodo’s Power Systems, p54, September 2019.

[3] CMT-TIT0697: 1200V High Temperature (125°C) Half-Bridge SiC MOSFET Gate Driver Datasheet. <a href="http://www.cissoid.com/files/files/products/titan/CMT-TIT0697.pdf"><spa…;

[4] High Temperature Gate Driver Primary Side IC Datasheet: DC-DC Controller & Isolated Signal Transceivers. <a href="http://www.cissoid.com/files/files/products/titan/CMT-HADES2P-High-temp…;

[5] High Temperature Gate Driver -Secondary Side IC Datasheet: Driver & Protection Functions. <a href="http://www.cissoid.com/files/files/products/titan/CMT-HADES2S-High-temp…;