<p><span>作者：</span><span>ADI</span><span>公司</span><span><span> </span></span><span>Doug Mercer</span><span>，顾问研究员；</span><span>Antoniu Miclaus</span><span>，系统应用工程师</span></p>
<p><span>本实验旨在构建和研究多种类型的基准电压源</span><span>/</span><span>稳压器，分为以下几部分：</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><span>可调基准电压源</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><span>增强基准电压源</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><span>分流稳压器</span></p>
<p><span>调节基准电压源</span></p>
<p><strong><span>目标</span></strong></p>
<p><span>可以将先前实验中的零增益放大器（</span><span>Q1</span><span>、</span><span>R2</span><span>）和稳定电流源（</span><span>Q2</span><span>、</span><span>R3</span><span>）与负反馈中的</span><span>PNP</span><span>电流镜级（</span><span>Q3</span><span>、</span><span>Q4</span><span>）配合使用，以构建在一定的输入电压范围内提供恒定或可调输出电压的电路。</span></p>
<p><strong><span>材料</span></strong></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>ADALM2000</span><span>主动学习模块</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>无焊面包板</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>2.2 kΩ</span><span>电阻（或其他类似值）</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>100 Ω</span><span>电阻</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>两个小信号</span><span>NPN</span><span>晶体管（</span><span>2N3904</span><span>或</span><span>SSM2212</span><span>）</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>两个小信号</span><span>PNP</span><span>晶体管（</span><span>2N3906</span><span>或</span><span>SSM2220</span><span>）</span></p>
<p><strong><span>说明</span></strong></p>
<p><span>面包板连接如图</span><span>1</span><span>所示。</span><span>AWG1</span><span>的输出驱动</span><span>PNP</span><span>晶体管</span><span>Q3</span><span>和</span><span>Q4</span><span>的发射极。</span><span>Q3</span><span>和</span><span>Q4</span><span>配置为电流镜，其基极与</span><span>Q3</span><span>的集电极相连。</span><span>Q4</span><span>的集电极连接到电阻</span><span>R1</span><span>。电阻</span><span>R1</span><span>和</span><span>R2</span><span>以及晶体管</span><span>Q1</span><span>按照</span><span>2020</span><span>年</span><span>11</span><span>月学子专区实验所示进行连接，</span><span>“</span><span>ADALM2000</span><span> </span><span>实验：</span><span> </span><span>零增益放大器</span><span>。</span><span>”</span><span>由于</span><span>Q2</span><span>的</span><span>VBE</span><span>始终小于</span><span>Q1</span><span>的</span><span>VBE</span><span>，因此应从器件库存中选择</span><span>Q1</span><span>和</span><span>Q2</span><span>，使得（在相同的集电极电流下）</span><span>Q2</span><span>的</span><span>VBE</span><span>小于</span><span>Q1</span><span>的</span><span>VBE</span><span>。晶体管</span><span>Q2</span><span>的基极连接到</span><span>Q1</span><span>集电极的零增益输出。</span><span>Q2</span><span>的集电极连接到</span><span>PNP</span><span>电流镜的输入端，即</span><span>Q3</span><span>的基极和集电极。</span><span>2+</span><span>（单端）示波器输入用于测量</span><span>Q4</span><span>集电极上的输出电压。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="图1.稳压器电路。" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="adc2e9d5-7805-42ab-bf1a-fe284c44bf83" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209035-1.jpg&…; /><br />
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<p><em><span>图</span></em><em><span>1.</span></em><em><span>稳压器电路。</span></em></p>
<p><strong><span>硬件设置</span></strong></p>
<p><span>波形发生器</span><span>1</span><span>应配置为</span><span>1 kHz</span><span>三角波，峰峰值幅度为</span><span>4 V</span><span>，偏置为</span><span>2 V</span><span>。示波器通道</span><span>2</span><span>的单端输入</span><span>(2+)</span><span>用于测量</span><span>Q4</span><span>集电极上的稳定输出电压（负输入</span><span>1-</span><span>和</span><span>2–</span><span>应接地）。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="图2.稳压器试验板电路。" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a871241c-c4d2-4e3d-8cd4-4e7dbb06967a" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209036-2.jpg&…; /><br />
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![http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209036-2.jpg&…](http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209036-2.jpg"){kind=link}
<p><em><span>图</span></em><em><span>2.</span></em><em><span>稳压器试验板电路。</span></em></p>
<p><strong><span>程序步骤</span></strong></p>
<p><span>绘制输出电压</span><span>（</span><span>在</span><span lang="EN-US">Q4</span><span>的集电极处测量</span><span>）</span><span>与输入电压的关系曲线。在多少输入电压电平下，输出电压停止变化</span><span>/</span><span>调节？这称为压差。对于输入电压高于压差的情况，输入电压每变化一伏，输出电压变化多少？</span><span>VOUT</span><span>的变化</span><span>/VIN</span><span>的变化称为电压调整率。将可变电阻的输出节点接地。在输入电压固定（即连接到固定的</span><span>Vp</span><span>板电源）的情况下，测量电阻各种设置的输出电压。计算每个设置的电阻中的电流。输出电压与输出电流的关系有何变化？这称为负载调整。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="图3.稳压器示波器XY图。" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="53d235a8-0948-4231-9760-7fe449bb2cbd" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209037-3.jpg&…; /><br />
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<p><em><span>图</span></em><em><span>3.</span></em><em><span>稳压器示波器</span></em><em><span>XY</span></em><em><span>图。</span></em></p>
<p><span>增强基准电压源</span></p>
<p><strong><span>目标</span></strong></p>
<p><span>上一节中稳压器电路存在的问题是，可用于输出负载的电流受到通过</span><span>PNP Q3</span><span>和</span><span>Q4</span><span>映射的</span><span>NPN Q2</span><span>提供的反馈电流的限制。我们希望构建一个电路，不仅在输入电压范围内，而且在输出负载电流范围内都能提供恒定或可调输出电压。这第二个电路利用发射极跟随器输出级为输出提供电流。</span></p>
<p><strong><span>材料</span></strong></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>2.2 kΩ</span><span>电阻</span></p>
<p><span><span>►</span>一个100 Ω</span><span>电阻</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>10 kΩ</span><span>可变电阻（电位计）</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>4.7 kΩ</span><span>电阻（可以是为所需电路操作选择的任何类似阻值电阻）</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>四个小信号</span><span>NPN</span><span>晶体管（</span><span>2N3904</span><span>和</span><span>SSM2212</span><span>）</span></p>
<p><strong><span>说明</span></strong></p>
<p><span>面包板连接如图</span><span>4</span><span>所示。晶体管</span><span>Q1</span><span>和电阻</span><span>R1</span><span>及</span><span>R2</span><span>依然配置为零增益放大器。晶体管</span><span>Q2</span><span>和可变电阻</span><span>R3</span><span>形成稳定的电流源。如果使用</span><span>SSM2212</span><span>匹配的</span><span>NPN</span><span>对，最好将其用于器件</span><span>Q1</span><span>和</span><span>Q2</span><span>。共发射极输出级</span><span>Q3</span><span>及其集电极负载</span><span>R4</span><span>提供增益。发射极跟随器</span><span>Q4</span><span>驱动输出节点并关闭负反馈环路。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="图4.增强型稳压器。" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="88946df0-e1aa-4f4f-81da-4d87657919e1" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209038-4.jpg&…; /><br />
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![http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209038-4.jpg&…](http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209038-4.jpg"){kind=link}
<p><em><span>图</span></em><em><span>4.</span></em><em><span>增强型稳压器。</span></em></p>
<p><strong><span>硬件设置</span></strong></p>
<p><span>波形发生器</span><span>W1</span><span>应配置为</span><span>1 kHz</span><span>三角波，峰峰值幅度为</span><span>4 V</span><span>，偏置为</span><span>2 V</span><span>。示波器通道</span><span>2 (2+)</span><span>用于测量</span><span>Q4</span><span>发射极上的稳定输出电压。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="图5.增强型稳压器试验板电路。" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f33c8e76-620b-405f-bb26-adda568de44f" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209039-5.jpg&…; /><br />
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![http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209039-5.jpg&…](http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209039-5.jpg"){kind=link}
<p><em><span>图</span></em><em><span>5.</span></em><em><span>增强型稳压器试验板电路。</span></em></p>
<p><strong><span>程序步骤</span></strong></p>
<p><span>重复测量此电路的压差、线路和负载调整。它们与第一个稳压器电路有何不同？</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="图6.增强型稳压器波形XY图。" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="4df1580a-940c-47cd-8c6b-fe77d75e2409" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209040-6.jpg&…; /><br />
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![http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209040-6.jpg&…](http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209040-6.jpg"){kind=link}
<p><em><span>图</span></em><em><span>6.</span></em><em><span>增强型稳压器波形</span></em><em><span>XY</span></em><em><span>图。</span></em></p>
<p><span>分流稳压器</span></p>
<p><strong><span>目标</span></strong></p>
<p><span>可以将零增益放大器（</span><span>Q1</span><span>、</span><span>R2</span><span>）和稳定电流源（</span><span>Q2</span><span>、</span><span>R3</span><span>）与负反馈中的共发射极放大器级</span><span>(Q3)</span><span>配合使用，以构建在一定的输入电流范围内提供恒定或可调输出电压的</span><span>2</span><span>端口电路。</span></p>
<p><strong><span>材料</span></strong></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>ADALM2000</span><span>主动学习模块</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>无焊面包板</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>跳线</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>2.2 kΩ</span><span>电阻（或其他类似值）</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>100 Ω</span><span>电阻</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>1 kΩ</span><span>电阻（或类似值）</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>一个</span><span>10 kΩ</span><span>可变电阻（电位计）</span></p>
<p><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>►</span></span><!--[endif]--><span>三个小信号</span><span>NPN</span><span>晶体管（</span><span>2N3904</span><span>和</span><span>SSM2212</span><span>）</span></p>
<p><strong><span>说明</span></strong></p>
<p><span>面包板连接如图</span><span>7</span><span>所示。函数发生器的输出驱动电阻</span><span>R4</span><span>的一端。电阻</span><span>R1</span><span>和</span><span>R2</span><span>以及晶体管</span><span>Q1</span><span>按照</span><span>11</span><span>月学子专区文章所示进行连接，</span><span>”</span><span>ADALM2000</span><span>实验：零增益放大器</span><span>(BJT)</span><span>。</span><span>”</span><span>电阻</span><span>R3</span><span>和晶体管</span><span>Q2</span><span>按照</span><span>2021</span><span>年</span><span>1</span><span>月文章所示进行连接，</span><span>”</span><span>ADALM2000</span><span>实验：稳定电流源</span><span>。</span><span>”</span><span>如果使用</span><span>SSM2212</span><span>匹配的</span><span>NPN</span><span>对，最好将其用于器件</span><span>Q1</span><span>和</span><span>Q2</span><span>。添加</span><span>Q3</span><span>，将其发射极接地，基极连接到</span><span>Q2</span><span>的集电极，集电极连接到组合</span><span>R1</span><span>、</span><span>R3</span><span>、</span><span>R4</span><span>和示波器输入</span><span>2+</span><span>的节点上。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="图7.带隙分流稳压器。" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0c4067f9-ca0a-416c-b748-3b3d35c134d0" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209041-7.jpg&…; /><br />
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<p><em><span>图</span></em><em><span lang="EN-US">7.</span></em><em><span>带隙分流稳压器。</span></em></p>
<p><strong><span>硬件设置</span></strong></p>
<p><span>波形发生器</span><span>W1</span><span>应配置为</span><span>1 kHz</span><span>三角波，峰峰值幅度为</span><span>4 V</span><span>，偏置为</span><span>2 V</span><span>。示波器通道</span><span>2</span><span>的单端输入</span><span>(2+)</span><span>用于测量</span><span>Q3</span><span>集电极上的调节输出电压。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="图8.带隙分流稳压器试验板电路。" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="511428f7-83c4-4b04-af9d-09f3e310458a" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209042-8.jpg&…; /><br />
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![http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209042-8.jpg&…](http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209042-8.jpg"){kind=link}
<p><em><span>图</span></em><em><span>8.</span></em><em><span>带隙分流稳压器试验板电路。</span></em></p>
<p><strong><span>程序步骤</span></strong></p>
<p><span>配置示波器以捕获测量的两个信号的多个周期。确保启用</span><span>XY</span><span>功能。图</span><span>9</span><span>提供了示波器显示的图像示例。调节可变电阻</span><span>R3</span><span>时，观察输出电压的调节。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"><img alt="ADALM2000实验：调节基准电压源" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5e3b6541-bf3c-472a-891c-da82e55cf16d" src="http://new.eetrend.com/files/2021-06/wen_zhang_/100113569-209043-9.jpg&…; /><br />
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<p><span>您可以在</span><span>学子专区博客</span><span>上找到问题答案。</span></p>
<p><span>作者简介</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">Doug Mercer</span><span>于</span><span lang="EN-US">1977</span><span>年毕业于伦斯勒理工学院</span><span lang="EN-US">(RPI)</span><span>，</span><span>获电子工程学士学位。自</span><span>1977</span><span>年加入</span><span>ADI</span><span>公司以来，他直接或间接贡献了</span><span>30</span><span>多款数据转换器产品，并拥有</span><span>13</span><span>项专利。他于</span><span>1995</span><span>年被任命为</span><span>ADI</span><span>研究员。</span><span>2009</span><span>年，他从全职工作转型，并继续以名誉研究员身份担任</span><span>ADI</span><span>顾问，为</span><span>“</span><span>主动学习计划</span><span>”</span><span>撰稿。</span><span>2016</span><span>年，他被任命为</span><span>RPI ECSE</span><span>系的驻校工程师。联系方式</span><span>：</span><span lang="EN-US">doug.mercer@analog.com</span><span>。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">Antoniu Miclaus</span><span>现为</span><span lang="EN-US">ADI</span><span>公司的系统应用工程师</span><span>，</span><span>从事</span><span lang="EN-US">ADI</span><span>教学项目工作</span><span>，</span><span>同时为</span><span lang="EN-US">Circuits from the Lab®</span><span>、</span><span lang="EN-US">QA</span><span>自动化和流程管理开发嵌入式软件。他于</span><span>2017</span><span>年</span><span>2</span><span>月在罗马尼亚克卢日</span><span>-</span><span>纳波卡加盟</span><span>ADI</span><span>公司。他目前是贝碧思鲍耶大学软件工程硕士项目的理学硕士生，拥有克卢日</span><span>-</span><span>纳波卡科技大学电子与电信工程学士学位。联系方式：</span><span>antoniu.miclaus@analog.com</span><span>。</span></p>